saat phera & saat vachan
An Indian marriage is a symbol of purity, union of two different people, community and culture. All the Hindu marriages carry out similar rituals with slight difference. Each ritual that is carried out in a Hindu wedding has some meaning. The Seven Vows/Saat Phere also hold a vast meaning in the wedding ritual. The Seven Vows/Saat Phere are the rounds taken around the holy fire place by the bride and groom together. With every round they make one promise to their partner. This way they make seven promises.
An Indian marriage is a symbol of purity, union of two different people, community and culture. All the Hindu marriages carry out similar rituals with slight difference. Each ritual that is carried out in a Hindu wedding has some meaning. The Seven Vows/Saat Phere also hold a vast meaning in the wedding ritual. The Seven Vows/Saat Phere are the rounds taken around the holy fire place by the bride and groom together. With every round they make one promise to their partner. This way they make seven promises.
Those saat pheras are saat vachan.....jinme se 4 vachan ladka ladki ko
deta hai aur teen vachan ladki deti hai..isi liye pahle chaar pheron me ladka
aage hota hai aur akhiri 3 me ladki aage hoti hai......in 7 vachan ke sath dono
sirf ek doosre ka hi sath nibhane ka wada nahi karte balki dono parivaron ko
jodhe rakhne ka bhi wada karte hai...dukh me sukh me har parisrhiti me ek
doosre ka sath nibahana..aur ek doosre ke parivaar ko apna samajhna ye un
pheron ke sath ....kasam li jati hai.
First Step:
The couple invokes the gods for plenty of pure and nourishing food.
\"With God as our guide, let us take the first step to live with honour
and respect. Let us walk together so we get food,\" the couple prays.
Second Step:
With the second step, the couple prays to the Gods to give them the
mental, physical and spiritual strength to lead a healthy life. \"Let us
be happy and enjoy life. Let us walk together so we grow together in
strength,\" they pray.
Third Step:
The third step is for preserving wealth and prosperity in life. The
chant at this stage means, \"let us share joys and pains together. Let us
walk together so we get wealth.\"
Fourth Step:
With the fourth step, the bride and groom invoke the gods for
attainment of happiness and harmony by mutual love and trust in all walks of
life. \"Let us not forget parents and elders. Let us walk together so we
get happiness by sharing our joys and sorrows,\" they say.
Fifth Step:
They pray for the welfare of all living beings in the Universe and pray
for virtuous, noble and heroic children.\" Let us observe all acts of
charity. Let us walk together so we have family,\" the mantras say.
Sixth Step:
They ask the gods to give them a long, joyous life and togetherness
forever. \"Let us live a long and peaceful life. Let us walk together so
we have joy,\" the couple prays.
Seventh Step:
With the seventh, and last, step, the couple prays for understanding,
companionship, loyalty and unity. \"Let us be friends with love and
sacrifice. Let us walk together so we have friendship,\" the holy chants
signify
Understanding the meaning of "SAAT- PHERE" (seven steps) in a
Hindu marriage
I was born in a Hindu family. Since my childhood I have always seen
various Hindu customs and rituals being performed. I have been to so many Hindu
marriages of my relatives and have seen the same or similar rituals being
performed in all of them. But I rarely understood the deep meaning that these
rituals are supposed to have, the reason why they are being performed since
ages. I rarely saw the pundit (The priest) explaining the meaning and
significance of these customs while being performed.
I am not very aware of customs and rituals because personally I follow
the religion of “Humanity”. For me the customs and rituals are less important
as long as the person follows a “good character” (which all religions advise,
though what constitutes a good character varies) and understands his or her own
potential as a Human being.
Since I feel a social responsibility to do certain rituals, then it
becomes my responsibility to first understand them beforehand because I will
hate to follow them blindly! Keeping in mind that my own marriage ceremony is
to be held in near future, I began to search for the answers for the questions
I had in mind regarding the rituals that I will be expected to perform for my
marriage.
Hinduism being a symbolic religion, most rituals and ceremonies have a
symbolic meaning to them therefore, just performing the act is going to make no
sense until the meaning of it is well understood. Anything done without this
understanding, is supposed to be “Blind Faith”. Many times when I asked the
seniors for the meaning of a particular ritual they would either get offended
of they would say things like “It is to be done because it’s being done since
ages and we are sure there is a meaning to it”. Yes, I am sure there is a
meaning to it, but my concern is that anything done without its proper
knowledge can be even harmful….for example: How do you know you are doing it
the right way? If it’s done without reasoning and understanding then, it is
blind faith and hardly has any meaning!!
Originally the Hindu-Vedic systems were very scientific in nature. They
even did not discriminate between men and women, however this practice is very
prevalent now by the people who do not fully comprehend the religion. I
attempted to understand the meaning and significance of what I will be doing in
a few months. “Saptpadi” OR “Saat Phere” which translates as “seven steps” in
English is considered to be the most important custom of a Hindu marriage (and
now I know why), so I dedicate this article to the same.
The “VARMALA” OR “Jaimala” is the ritual where the bride and the groom
put garlands around each other’s necks. This signifies that the two persons
have chosen each other as life partners. This is essentially a ritual performed
by “Kshatriyas” (The warrior caste) in ancient times, however now I see it
being performed in all Hindu marriages I attend.
Another very important ritual is “Kanya Daan” Which translates as
“giving away one’s daughter to the groom [“Kanya means girl and “Daan” means
“donation”].This ritual is performed by the father of the bride or the father
figure in his absence. The groom recites Sanskrit Shloks about love. [Shlok is
a small stanza usually in Sanskrit]
But the most important of all Hindu marriage rituals is “SAPTAPADI”
referring to “SAAT PHERE” in general Hindi now-a-days. This ritual is the core
of the whole marriage ceremony and couple is considered as married just by
performing this ritual alone.
How it is done:
Some older person of the family ties a knot with one end of the bride’s
clothing and one end of the groom’s clothing. Then they stand up to take seven
rounds around the fire [called the Agni Kund in Hindi] one by one. These rounds
are taken as the priest reads certain Sanskrit Shloks to bless the couple. The
picture below shows the knot symbolizing the “Sacred wedlock”
The rationale:
“Fire” Or Agni is considered as Very pure and sanctified. Also, the
Qualities of fire are such that, no matter how many times it is lit, yet it
remains “immortal” and “young forever”. This is why I have seen people in
almost all major religion of the world – Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and
Buddhist and more… all use fire in one way or the other for their worship.
Amazing!! How fire is considered important by multiple beliefs systems.
The term “Agni Pariksha” is commonly used in Hindi language which
refers to “a very difficult exam”. Coming back to the point, because fire is
considered to be so pure, immortal, young and sanctified, it is used as a
symbol for the couple to solemnize their marriage with the seven promises. This
is called “Agni Sakshi” which means “fire is the witness”. The promises thus
made are considered to be immortal and the couple is expected to be MOST
truthful and honest to each other in making these promises. Despite which, I am
so sad to see so many promises being broken, where the wives are killed, beaten
and tortured either psychologically or physically or both. And some husbands
too!!
What are the seven promises: (Credit for this section goes to
“Wikipedia”).
With the first phera, the couple invokes the Gods for the plenitudes of
pure and nourishing food and a life that is noble and respectful.
With the second phera the couple prays for physical and mental strength
and to lead a healthy and peaceful life.
The third phera is taken for the fulfilment of spiritual obligations.
The Gods are invoked for blessing the couple with spiritual strength.
The fourth phera is taken for the attainment of happiness and harmony
through mutual love and trust and a long joyous life together.
The fifth phera is taken to pray for the welfare of all living entities
in the entire universe and for begetting noble children.
The sixth phera is for bountiful seasons all over the world. The couple
prays for bountiful seasons and seeks that they may go through these seasons
together, just as they would share their joys and sorrows.
With the last phera they pray for a life of understanding, loyalty,
unity and companionship not only for themselves but also for the peace of the
Universe.
In North Indian weddings, the bride and the groom say the following
words after completing the seven steps:
"We have taken the Seven Steps. You have become mine forever. Yes,
we have become partners. I have become yours. Hereafter, I cannot live without
you. Do not live without me. Let us share the joys. We are word and meaning,
united. You are thought and I am sound. May the night be honey-sweet for us.
May the morning be honey-sweet for us. May the earth be honey-sweet for us. May
the heavens be honey-sweet for us. May the plants be honey-sweet for us. May
the sun be all honey for us. May the cows yield us honey-sweet milk. As the
heavens are stable, as the earth is stable, as the mountains are stable, as the
whole universe is stable, so may our unions be permanently settled.a
हिंदू विवाह के सात फेरे और सात वचन
विवाह
= वि + वाह, अत: इसका शाब्दिक अर्थ है - उत्तरदायित्व
का वहन करना। पाणिग्रहण संस्कार को सामान्य रूप से हिंदू विवाह के नाम से जाना
जाता है। अन्य धर्मों में विवाह पति और पत्नी के बीच एक प्रकार का बंधन होता है
जिसे कि विशेष परिस्थितियों में तोड़ा भी जा सकता है, परंतु हिंदू विवाह पति और पत्नी के बीच
कयी जन्मो का सम्बंध होता है जिसे किसी भी परिस्थिति में नहीं तोड़ा जा सकता।
अग्नि के सात फेरे लेकर और कयी चोजो को साक्षी मान एक पवित्र बंधन होता हैं। हिंदू
विवाह में मे इस संम्बंध को अत्यंत पवित्र माना गया है।
सात
फेरों और सात वचन
विवाह
के बाद कन्या वर के वाम अंग में बैठने से पूर्व उससे सात वचन लेती है। कन्या
द्वारा वर से लिए जाने वाले सात वचन इस प्रकार है।
वचन
1
तीर्थव्रतोद्यापन
यज्ञकर्म मया सहैव प्रियवयं कुर्या:,
वामांगमायामि
तदा त्वदीयं ब्रवीति वाक्यं प्रथमं कुमारी !!
(यहाँ कन्या वर से कहती है कि यदि आप कभी
तीर्थयात्रा को जाओ तो मुझे भी अपने संग लेकर जाना। कोई व्रत-उपवास अथवा अन्य धर्म
कार्य आप करें तो आज की भांति ही मुझे अपने वाम भाग में अवश्य स्थान दें। यदि आप
इसे स्वीकार करते हैं तो मैं आपके वामांग में आना स्वीकार करती हूँ।)
किसी
भी प्रकार के धार्मिक कृ्त्यों की पूर्णता हेतु पति के साथ पत्नि का होना अनिवार्य
माना गया है। जिस धर्मानुष्ठान को पति-पत्नि मिल कर करते हैं, वही सुखद फलदायक होता है। पत्नि द्वारा
इस वचन के माध्यम से धार्मिक कार्यों में पत्नि की सहभागिता, उसके महत्व को स्पष्ट किया गया है।
वचन.2
पुज्यौ
यथा स्वौ पितरौ ममापि तथेशभक्तो निजकर्म कुर्या:,
वामांगमायामि
तदा त्वदीयं ब्रवीति कन्या वचनं द्वितीयम !!
(कन्या वर से दूसरा वचन मांगती है कि
जिस प्रकार आप अपने माता-पिता का सम्मान करते हैं, उसी प्रकार मेरे माता-पिता का भी सम्मान करें तथा कुटुम्ब की मर्यादा
के अनुसार धर्मानुष्ठान करते हुए ईश्वर भक्त बने रहें तो मैं आपके वामांग में आना
स्वीकार करती हूँ।)
यहाँ
इस वचन के द्वारा कन्या की दूरदृष्टि का आभास होता है। आज समय और लोगों की सोच कुछ
इस प्रकार की हो चुकी है कि अमूमन देखने को मिलता है--गृहस्थ में किसी भी प्रकार
के आपसी वाद-विवाद की स्थिति उत्पन होने पर पति अपनी पत्नि के परिवार से या तो
सम्बंध कम कर देता है अथवा समाप्त कर देता है। उपरोक्त वचन को ध्यान में रखते हुए
वर को अपने ससुराल पक्ष के साथ सदव्यवहार के लिए अवश्य विचार करना चाहिए।
वचन-3
जीवनम
अवस्थात्रये मम पालनां कुर्यात,
वामांगंयामि
तदा त्वदीयं ब्रवीति कन्या वचनं तृ्तीयं !!
(तीसरे वचन में कन्या कहती है कि आप
मुझे ये वचन दें कि आप जीवन की तीनों अवस्थाओं (युवावस्था, प्रौढावस्था, वृद्धावस्था) में मेरा पालन करते
रहेंगे, तो ही मैं आपके वामांग में आने को तैयार
हूँ।)
वचन-4
कुटुम्बसंपालनसर्वकार्य
कर्तु प्रतिज्ञां यदि कातं कुर्या:,
वामांगमायामि
तदा त्वदीयं ब्रवीति कन्या वचनं चतुर्थं !!
(कन्या चौथा वचन ये माँगती है कि अब तक
आप घर-परिवार की चिन्ता से पूर्णत: मुक्त थे। अब जबकि आप विवाह बंधन में बँधने जा
रहे हैं तो भविष्य में परिवार की समस्त आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति का दायित्व आपके
कंधों पर है। यदि आप इस भार को वहन करने की प्रतीज्ञा करें तो ही मैं आपके वामांग
में आ सकती हूँ।)
इस
वचन में कन्या वर को भविष्य में उसके उतरदायित्वों के प्रति ध्यान आकृ्ष्ट करती
है। विवाह पश्चात कुटुम्ब पौषण हेतु पर्याप्त धन की आवश्यकता होती है। अब यदि पति
पूरी तरह से धन के विषय में पिता पर ही आश्रित रहे तो ऐसी स्थिति में गृहस्थी भला
कैसे चल पाएगी। इसलिए कन्या चाहती है कि पति पूर्ण रूप से आत्मनिर्भर होकर आर्थिक
रूप से परिवारिक आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति में सक्षम हो सके। इस वचन द्वारा यह भी
स्पष्ट किया गया है कि पुत्र का विवाह तभी करना चाहिए जब वो अपने पैरों पर खडा हो, पर्याप्त मात्रा में धनार्जन करने लगे।
वचन-5
स्वसद्यकार्ये
व्यवहारकर्मण्ये व्यये मामापि मन्त्रयेथा,
वामांगमायामि
तदा त्वदीयं ब्रूते वच: पंचमत्र कन्या !!
(इस वचन में कन्या जो कहती है वो आज के
परिपेक्ष में अत्यंत महत्व रखता है। वो कहती है कि अपने घर के कार्यों में, विवाहादि, लेन-देन अथवा अन्य किसी हेतु खर्च करते
समय यदि आप मेरी भी मन्त्रणा लिया करें तो मैं आपके वामांग में आना स्वीकार करती
हूँ।)
यह
वचन पूरी तरह से पत्नि के अधिकारों को रेखांकित करता है। बहुत से व्यक्ति किसी भी
प्रकार के कार्य में पत्नी से सलाह करना आवश्यक नहीं समझते। अब यदि किसी भी कार्य
को करने से पूर्व पत्नी से मंत्रणा कर ली जाए तो इससे पत्नी का सम्मान तो बढता ही
है, साथ साथ अपने अधिकारों के प्रति
संतुष्टि का भी आभास होता है।
वचन-6
न
मेपमानमं सविधे सखीनां द्यूतं न वा दुर्व्यसनं भंजश्चेत,
वामाम्गमायामि
तदा त्वदीयं ब्रवीति कन्या वचनं च षष्ठम !!
(कन्या कहती है कि यदि मैं अपनी सखियों
अथवा अन्य स्त्रियों के बीच बैठी हूँ तब आप वहाँ सबके सम्मुख किसी भी कारण से मेरा
अपमान नहीं करेंगे। यदि आप जुआ अथवा अन्य किसी भी प्रकार के दुर्व्यसन से अपने आप
को दूर रखें तो ही मैं आपके वामांग में आना स्वीकार करती हूँ।)
वर्तमान
परिपेक्ष्य में इस वचन में गम्भीर अर्थ समाहित हैं। विवाह पश्चात कुछ पुरुषों का
व्यवहार बदलने लगता है। वे जरा जरा सी बात पर सबके सामने पत्नी को डाँट-डपट देते
हैं। ऐसे व्यवहार से पत्नी का मन कितना आहत होता होगा। यहाँ पत्नी चाहती है कि
बेशक एकांत में पति उसे जैसा चाहे डांटे किन्तु सबके सामने उसके सम्मान की रक्षा
की जाए, साथ ही वो किन्हीं दुर्व्यसनों में
फँसकर अपने गृ्हस्थ जीवन को नष्ट न कर ले।
वचन-7
परस्त्रियं
मातृसमां समीक्ष्य स्नेहं सदा चेन्मयि कान्त कुर्या,
वामांगमायामि
तदा त्वदीयं ब्रूते वच: सप्तममत्र कन्या !!
(अन्तिम वचन के रूप में कन्या ये वर
मांगती है कि आप पराई स्त्रियों को माता के समान समझेंगें और पति-पत्नि के आपसी
प्रेम के मध्य अन्य किसी को भागीदार न बनाएंगें। यदि आप यह वचन मुझे दें तो ही मैं
आपके वामांग में आना स्वीकार करती हूँ।)
विवाह
पश्चात यदि व्यक्ति किसी बाह्य स्त्री के आकर्षण में बँध पगभ्रष्ट हो जाए तो उसकी
परिणिति क्या होती है। इसलिए इस वचन के माध्यम से कन्या अपने भविष्य को सुरक्षित
रखने का प्रयास करती है।
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